Strings are one of the most commonly used data types in Python. Whether you’re displaying messages, working with user input, or handling text data, you’ll use strings everywhere.

 
What is a String in Python?

A string is a sequence of characters enclosed in single quotes (`'`), double quotes (`"`), or triple quotes (`'''` or `"""`).

Examples:


str1 = 'Hello'
str2 = "Python"
str3 = '''This is a multi-line string'''




Creating Strings


name = "Alice"
greeting = 'Welcome to Python!'


Multi-line String:


text = """This is
a multi-line
string in Python."""




Basic String Operations

 1. Concatenation

Combine two strings using `+`:


first = "Hello"
second = "World"
print(first + " " + second)  # Output: Hello World


 2. Repetition

Repeat a string using `*`:


word = "Hi! "
print(word * 3)  # Output: Hi! Hi! Hi!


 3. Indexing

Access characters using index (starting from 0):


text = "Python"
print(text[0])  # Output: P
print(text[-1]) # Output: n (last character)


 4. Slicing

Extract part of a string:


text = "Python"
print(text[0:4])  # Output: Pyth
print(text[:3])   # Output: Pyt
print(text[2:])   # Output: thon




String Methods in Python

Python provides many built-in string methods:

 Changing Case


message = "hello world"
print(message.upper())   # HELLO WORLD
print(message.lower())   # hello world
print(message.title())   # Hello World


 Trimming Spaces


data = "   Python   "
print(data.strip())  # Removes spaces from both ends


 Finding and Replacing


text = "I love Java"
print(text.replace("Java", "Python"))  # I love Python


 Split and Join


sentence = "apple,banana,cherry"
print(sentence.split(","))  # ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']

words = ['Hello', 'Python']
print(" ".join(words))  # Hello Python


 Check Substring


text = "Learning Python"
print("Python" in text)      # True
print("Java" not in text)    # True




String Formatting

Python offers multiple ways to format strings:

f-strings (Python 3.6+)


name = "Alice"
age = 25
print(f"My name is {name} and I am {age} years old.")


format() method


print("My name is {} and I am {} years old.".format("Alice", 25))




Escape Characters

Use `\` for special characters:

* `\n` – New line
* `\t` – Tab
* `\'` – Single quote
* `\"` – Double quote

Example:


print("Hello\nPython")  # Line break
print("He said, \"Python is great!\"")